Internal-combustion engine



July 24, 1951 J. w. ORNELL. 2,561,590y

INTERNALC0MBUSTI0N ENGINE Filed April 30, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 nventor.Imm IVA-mm 01mg,

(Ittorneg 1ul'y24,1951 `J. w. ORNELL 2,551,590

INTERNAL-COMBUSIION ENGINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 30, 1949 July24, 1951 J. w. ORNELL 2,561,590

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April .'50, 1949 4 Shee`ts-Sheet 3 Iy156 E 1:.7

nventor ./omv /nr ik Umvfu 4 111'3. 8 l N (Ittorneg July 24, 1951 J. w,ORNELL 2,561,590

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 50, 1949 4 sheets-sheet 4 iL-4,10f

Patented `Fully 24, 1951 STATES ENT F F [CIE l V 2561,590;

mrEaNALz-,QOMEUSTION ENGINE JohniWerner Grnell, Philadelphia, Pa.Apmicationnpril 3o, 1949,.sria1.No. 90,693

This invention relates to .internal `.combustion engines andisconcernedprimarily Withthe delivery of'air to4 each oylindergof anengine on the intake` strokel thereof.

'llie presentinvention deals particularly with a four cylinder, fourcycle engineer any four cycle engine including cylinders in multiplesoffour. In a four cycle engine one ofA the four strokes'of `eacl'r cycleis the intake stroke. This is;thestr oke on which air either aloneorgcarryinaafuelmixture is drawn into'thetylinder.` The action' is`essentially one of suction and requires-` a.H certain amount of power onthepart of the pistoniof-that particular cylinder;

The present invention has in view'as'itsfore'- most objective theprovision oan internalconi-` bustion engine, of thetypeiindicated, whichincludes means for delivering air to each cylinder on; the; intake;stroke by positive displacement ratherthan the suctiongwhich hasheretofore been' used.

Morcin detail, the invention has as'an object the provision oraninternal combustion engine.

ofthe'type-notedvvhich includes an air.` cylinder and piston-assembly,the piston of 4.which is driven from thecrank shaftcf the engine and thecylinrderef `which-connnunicates with a manifold 'that' 3 Claims.' (Cl.123--14Zi5) injection principle; that is, the fuel is injected` directlyinto the cylinders. With engines of this typethefairis delivered-*intothe cylinderson the intake stroke by positivedisplacement caused'oytheoperation of the# air assembly. However; another type of engine whichis meetingwith widespread use operates on the principle of carburetingthe fuel; that is, thsefuel ismixed with the air` prior to delivery tothe cylinder. The presenttinvention is intended to be used with suchengines in which the fuel is carbureted; andlalfurther object `istoYprovide, in'such an engine, `a carburetor whichwill carburet the fuelandsmixit with the air prior to the'delivery by positif/e displacementtothe cylinders of the eneinew on: the intake' strokes. Certain;important phasesiof the inventionarev tied up with themannerinlwhicli'the carburetor .is included inc the conduit which conductsfuel from the air aslseinbly tothe engine manifold.

Every internal combustion engineincludes acooling'systein of some sortand the typeof cool-` ing system most commonly employed is thatV inwhich Water is circulatedabout theseveralcylim ders. of; the engine.From the Very natureofthe cooling operation, this Water takes heatfrom`the cylinders.

The invention has as a further object the pro-,-

vision, in an internalcombustion engine ofthe` character indicated, ofmeansforpreheating thei air prior to delivery to the cylinders. Thismeans...

preferably/takes the `forni of. a jacket thatisdisposed" about the aircylinder andwhich com..- municates withthe circulatory systemofgtheengine. Thus; water from this cooling.. system will` circulateabout the air. cylinder anddue. to its..

heatedcondition preheat the ain.

Under practical conditions it,usual11y takes.

so1nelittle time for the engine toheatup., Thus,

the engine has as a further object the provision,

in anengine ofthe type noted, of acirfnilatory` cooling system which;includes` a. coilg that, is..

adapted to'be subjected to the inlluenceofa torch: or'ctiierlieating-medium so thatthe Water in. the system inayhe preheated to arequired deereei andthereby facilitate starting aninitialoperation-'ofthe engine.

Various other more detailed' objects and. ad-

vantages ofthe invention such as arise in con-fnection withcarryingoutthe above notedldeas in a practical embodiment will; in partbecomel apparent; andV in part behereinafter stated as theY descriptionof the invention Y proceeds.

The invention', therefore, comprises a four cylinder, four cycle`internal combustionjengine including an air' piston and cylinder`assembly. which delivers air to the cylinders of the engineonthesuccessive intake strokes and with` vwhich air may be mixedcarburetor fuel; TheA air cylinder is enclosed by a jacket which`communicates. with theY circulatory cooling.. system of, the enfA gine,lwith the latter including heating,FA the fluid therein.

means for pref For a full and-incre, complete understanding.

of the invention,v reference may be had44 to the following` descriptionand accompanying` draw?. ingu/herein:

Figure l is a viewY partially in section and partially.= in elevationofY anV internalicornbustion, eneine` designed in accordance with theprecepts of` this invention with the sectional part .being taken on the`vertical plane.

Figure 2` is an enlarged detailedA showing, in: elevation looking in thedirection oppositefrom.

that from which Figure 1` is taken, and' showing the conduit whichcommunicates fromthe air l cylinder to the engine manifold.

Figure 3 is-anenlarged sectional detailedview taken about on` the planerepresented by. the line 3-3 ofFigure l.

Figure 4 is another detailediview, largely dia.- grammatic, bringing outparticularly the` circulatory coolingsystem and the elements of theengine appurtenantf thereto;

Figure-5 is another view that is largely' dia.- grammatic which developsthe relationof the air piston-and cylinder assemblyto one of' thecylinders of the engine proper and shows particularly the position ofthe piston and valves at the completion of the intake stroke.

Figure 6 shows the position of the piston and valves at the completionof the compression stroke.

Figure 7 shows the position of the piston and valves at the completionof the power stroke.

Figure 8 shows the position of the piston and valves at the completionof the scavenging stroke.

Figure 9 is an enlarged detailed view showing the eccentric foroperating the slide valve of the air piston and cylinder assembly. Thisview is taken about on the plane represented by the line 9--9 of Figure1.

v Figure 10is an enlarged detailed view, partly in section and partly inelevation, showing the manner in which the carburetor fuel is introducedinto the air as the latter comes from the air assembly; and l Figure 11is an enlarged detailed view in elevation of the engine manifold.

Referring now to the drawing wherein like reference characters denotecorresponding parts and first more particularly to Figure l, a fourcylinder, four cycle internal combustion engine is therein illustratedand identified in its entirety by the reference character El. It will beunderstood that the engine E will include many standard and conventionalparts and mechanisms which are neither illustrated nor described becausethey are not materially affected by the present invention. Only thoseparts of the engine E. which enter into the improved operation affordedby the present invention are illustrated 1,.

and described in detail.

The engine E includes a block ID in which are formed four cylinders II.Each of these cylinders II isa substantial duplicate of every othercylinder. Mounted for reciprocation in each cylinder II is a piston I2,and the pistons I2 are all alike. Each piston I2 is connected by meansof a connecting rod I3 to a throw of a crankshaft I4. It will be notedthat the throws of the crankshaft I4 are spaced one hundred and eightydegrees apart, two being on one side, two being on the other.

As the engine is a four cycle engine, each piston I2 will include apower stroke in one of the four strokes making up each cycle. Thus, onthe power stroke, poweris delivered from the piston I2 to the crankshaftI4; but, on the scavengingintake, and compression strokes, the piston I2is operated by power derived from the crankshaft I4, this beingconventional practice in ythe internal combustion engine art.

Associated with each cylinder II are a pair of valves which are moreclearly depicted in Figto lset up the operating connections between thevalve camshaft I7 and the valves I5 and I6. A gear 212i on thecrankshaft I4 and a pinion 2| on the camshaft Il establishes the drivingrelation between these shafts in the proper gear ratio for causingopening and closing of the valves I5 and I5. i v

An air piston and cylinder assembly is referred to in its entirety bythe reference character A and is shown as mounted at one end of theengine E. This assembly A comprises an outer jacket 22 which defines achamber 23 through which a cooling medium is adapted to circulate. Asshown in Figures 1 and 4 a conduit 24 establishes communication betweenthe upper portion of this chamber and a chamber 25 formed in the head 26of the engine E. The lower portion of the chamber 23 communicates withthe chambers 2l that are disposed about the cylinders II in the blockI0.

Positioned within the outer jacket 22 and in vspaced relation withrespect thereto so as to define the chamber 23, is a cylinder block 28that is formed with a cylinder 29 in which reciproscale in Figure 5, theblock 28 is formed on one ,5| of the Venturi tube type.

side with a thickened wall portion 34. This wall 34 is formed with apair of ducts 35 and 36 which communicate with opposite ends of thecylinder 29. The thickened wall portion 34 is also formed with a recess3l which -communicates with an opening 38 formed on the front face ofthe wall 34 and a port 39 formed on a side face of the wall 34. A casing4I] is secured over the exposed face of the thickened wall 34 as by theheaded bolts shown at 4I in Figure 1. This casing 40 cooperates with thewall 34 to dei-lne a chamber 42. A slide valve 43 is positioned withinthis chamber 42 to slide over the face of the wall 34. In one positionof the valve 43, communication between the duct 36 and opening 38 isestablished to the slide valve 43 and passes through an opening in thecasing where its other end is connected to a link 45, as indicated bythe connection 46. Ihe link 45 is driven from an eccentric 41 vthat ismounted on the crankshaft I4 in a well- `known manner.

(See Figure 9.)

The casing 40 is formed with an inlet opening 48 in which is fitted atone end an intake conduit 49. This conduit 49 conducts air from theatmosphere to the air piston and cylinder assembly A.

As is shown more clearly in Figure 3, a conduit 50 communicates with theport 39 in the wall 34. The conduit 50 then extends to a carburetor'I'his carburetor 5l yincludes a waist 52 and a fuel inlet tube 53 hasits open end located substantially at the waist 52.

The fuel tube 53 is connected to a fuel tank 54 from which the fuel maybe forced under pressure, or by locating the fuel tank 54 above thefuel.

level of the open end of the tube 53, gravity action may be used as themeans for feeding the A conduit 55 extends from the carburetor 5I to anengine manifold 55. Upon referring to Figure 1-1, it will be noted thatthe engine manifold includes four tubular connections 51, each of whichis substantially the same as every other of these connections. Eachtubular connection 5l connects the manifold 56 with one of the cylindersI I. Also it will be noted that from Figure 3, the valve I6 isinterposed in the connection so as to determine whether or not air isdelivered from the manifold 56 to the particular cylinder II.

As above explained, a cooling medium such as water circulates throughthe chambers 23, 25, and 21. If the engine E is mounted on anautomobile, a radiator will ordinarily be included and will be incommunication with these chambers. However, in the cases of stationaryengines the city or municipal water supply is usually availed of forsupplying water to the cooling system. Upon referring to Figure 4 itwill be noted that a source of water supply is represented by a tankshown at 58. A pipe 59 connects this tank 58 to the chambers 21 at onepoint. The pipe 59 may include a valve shown at 60. Another pipe 6|connects the tank 58 to the chambers 21 at another point. A coilindicated at 62 may be tapped into the pipe 6I at 63 and its other endconnected to the chambers 21 as shown at 64. This coil 62 is adapted tohave a torch or other appropriate heating means applied thereto so as toquickly heat the water in the chambers 23, 25, and 21. This facilitatesstarting of the engine and during the initial stages of operationinsures that the air, which is delivered from the assembly A to thecylinders I I, will be preheated.

Operation While the operation of the above described mechanism isbelieved to be obvious from the description of the parts, it will bedescribed by rst referring to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 and identifying theposition of the valves I5 and I6 on each stroke of the cycle.

Figure 5 shows the piston I2 at the completion of the intake stroke.During the interval in which this stroke takes place, the valve I6 isopened and the valve I5 closed. Thus, air is delivered by positivedisplacement from the assembly A to this particular cylinder II. It willbe noted that, at the same time the cylinder I2 is making its intakestroke, the piston 39 will be making a stroke which forces the air fromthe cylinder 29 through the duct 36, opening 38, passage 31, port 39,and conduit 50 to the carburetor 5I and from the carburetor 5I throughthe conduit 55, manifold 55, and one of the connections 51 to theparticular cylinder I I.

The next stroke is the compression stroke, the completion of which isdepicted in Figure 6. During the making of this stroke, both valves I5and I6 are closed. Thus, the mixture of air and fuel is compressed.

The next stroke is the power stroke which is represented in Figure 7,and during this stroke the valves I5 and I6 remain closed.

The next stroke is the scavenging or exhaust stroke, the completion ofwhich is represented in Figure 8. During the making of this stroke, thevalve IB remains closed while the valve I5 is open permitting the spentgases of combustion to be exhausted through the exhaust representeddiagrammatically at 65.

It is evident that during each cycle each piston I2 makes four strokes.Moreover, for each stroke of each piston I2, the air piston 30 makes astroke. However, due to the opening and closing of the valves I6, whichare controlled from the camshaft I1, only one of the cylinders II is incommunication with the cylinder 29 as the piston 39 makes its stroke.Thus, air is moved by positive displacement from this cylinder 29 intothe particular cylinder I I which is making its intake stroke.

While a preferred specific embodiment of the invention is hereinbeforeset forth, it is to be clearly understood that the invention is not tobe limited to the exact constructions, mechanisms,

and devices illustrated and described, because various modifications ofthese details may be provided in putting the invention into practicewithin the purview of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylindersin which the combustion of fuel is adapted to take place and acrankshaft, an air piston and cylinder assembly for delivering air tosaid cylinders by positive displacement, a cylinder block formed with abore and having a wall formed with ducts communicating with oppositeends of said bore, said wall also being formed with a recess which opensinto the face of said wall between said ducts and which communicateswith a port and one side of said wall, a slide valve slidable over saidface and adapted to establish communication with either of said ductsand said opening, means for conducting said air from said port to saidcylinders of said engine, means for driving said slide valve from saidcrankshaft, a piston in said bore, and a connecting rod operativelyconnecting said piston to said crankshaft.

2. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, thecombination of z an engine block formed with a plurality of cylinders inwhich the combustion of fuel is adapted to take place and with waterjackets enclosing said cylinder, an air piston and cylinder assemblyincluding a cylinder surrounded by a water jacket communicating withsaid water jackets, a piston in the cylinder of said assembly fordelivering air to the cylinders of said block by positive displacement,means for circulating water through said water jackets, and means forpreheating the water so circulated.

3. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, thecombination of an engine block formed with a plurality of cylinders inwhich the combustion of fuel is adapted to take place and with waterjackets enclosing said cylinder, a head on said block and having a waterjacket communicating with said water jackets, and an air piston andcylinder assembly including an air cylinder enclosed by a Water jacketthat communicates with the water jackets in said block and a head, apiston in said cylinder for delivering air to said cylinders and saidblock by positive displacement, and means for circulating water throughsaid water jackets and including a coil that is adapted to have heatapplied thereto to preheat the Water so circulated.

JOHN WERNER ORNELL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

'UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 789,047 Mertens May 2, 1905966,953 Rowing et al. Aug. 9, 1910 1,048,922 Westway Dec. 31, 19121,087,835 Schickel Feb. 17, 1914 1,160,419 Lawrence Nov. 16, 19151,298,256 Prott Mar. 25, 1919 1,521,807 Ford Jan. 6, 1925 1,576,357Pierce Mar. 9, 1926 1,634,468 Muller July 5, 1927 1,677,305 Sperry July17, 1928 1,740,790 Stanton Dec. 24, 1929 1,911,991 Cosby May 30, 19332,180,663 Bergeron et al Nov. 21, 1939

